Skip to main content

Hot Pink Tourmaline Rings

Faye Kim 18 Karat Gold Hot Pink Tourmaline Stack Ring
Faye Kim 18 Karat Gold Hot Pink Tourmaline Stack Ring

Faye Kim 18 Karat Gold Hot Pink Tourmaline Stack Ring

By Faye Kim

Located in Darien, CT

Faye Kim designed the perfect bright, and simple, hot pink tourmaline solitaire ring in 18k gold.

Category

2010s American Contemporary Solitaire Rings

Materials

Tourmaline, Gold, 18k Gold

Large Cat's Eye Effect Rubellite Silver Ring Hot Pink Tourmaline Cabochon
Large Cat's Eye Effect Rubellite Silver Ring Hot Pink Tourmaline Cabochon

Large Cat's Eye Effect Rubellite Silver Ring Hot Pink Tourmaline Cabochon

Located in Berlin, DE

Silver ring with natural Tourmaline Rubellite with cat's eye effect stone measurements - 0.35 х 0.51 х 0.91 in / 9 х 13 х 23 mm stone weight - 23.55 carats ring weight - 16.4 grams r...

Category

2010s German Artisan Fashion Rings

Materials

Rubelite, Tourmaline, Silver, Sterling Silver

3.93 Carat Hot Pink Tourmaline Cushion Cut Ring with 0.75 Carat Diamonds
3.93 Carat Hot Pink Tourmaline Cushion Cut Ring with 0.75 Carat Diamonds

3.93 Carat Hot Pink Tourmaline Cushion Cut Ring with 0.75 Carat Diamonds

By Merkaba

Located in Beverly Hills, CA

Merkaba Jewelry Beverly Hills presents a vivid, collector worthy statement ring featuring a 3.93 carat hot pink tourmaline in a classic cushion cut.

Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Contemporary Cocktail Rings

Materials

Diamond, White Diamond, Multi-gemstone, Tourmaline, Platinum

Faye Kim 18 Karat Gold Pear-Shaped Hot Pink Tourmaline Single Stone Bezel Ring
Faye Kim 18 Karat Gold Pear-Shaped Hot Pink Tourmaline Single Stone Bezel Ring

Faye Kim 18 Karat Gold Pear-Shaped Hot Pink Tourmaline Single Stone Bezel Ring

By Faye Kim

Located in Darien, CT

Faye Kim's 18 Karat Gold Pear-Shaped Hot Pink Tourmaline Stack Ring features a 1.20 carat pear-shaped hot pink tourmaline set in a hand-crafted 18 karat gold bezel.

Category

2010s American Contemporary Solitaire Rings

Materials

Pink Sapphire, 18k Gold

Rubellite Yellow Gold Ring Jewellery Report Classic Oval Cut Hot Pink Engagement
Rubellite Yellow Gold Ring Jewellery Report Classic Oval Cut Hot Pink Engagement

Rubellite Yellow Gold Ring Jewellery Report Classic Oval Cut Hot Pink Engagement

Located in Berlin, DE

18K yellow gold ring with natural pink Tourmaline rubellite classic oval cut rubellite origin - Brazil stone weight - 0.4 carats color - pink PR / RP 4/4, purity - VS (color and puri...

Category

2010s German Artisan Engagement Rings

Materials

Rubelite, Tourmaline, Gold, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold

Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline 7.91 Ct Cushion Cut Loose Gemstone for Ring/Jewelry
Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline 7.91 Ct Cushion Cut Loose Gemstone for Ring/Jewelry

Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline 7.91 Ct Cushion Cut Loose Gemstone for Ring/Jewelry

Located in Peshawar, PK

Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline Cushion Cut Loose Gemstone – Rare Earth-Mined Pink Tourmaline Crystal for Pendant, Ring & Custom Jewelry

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Afghan Contemporary Loose Gemstones

Materials

Tourmaline

Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline Ring Loose Gemstone 4.15 Ct Cushion Cut for Jewelry
Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline Ring Loose Gemstone 4.15 Ct Cushion Cut for Jewelry

Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline Ring Loose Gemstone 4.15 Ct Cushion Cut for Jewelry

Located in Peshawar, PK

Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline Loose Gemstone for Ring, Necklace Pendant or any other Jewelry Setting-Cushion Cut!!

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Afghan Contemporary Loose Gemstones

Materials

Tourmaline

Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline Ring Loose Gemstone 3.05 Ct Cushion Cut for Jewelry
Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline Ring Loose Gemstone 3.05 Ct Cushion Cut for Jewelry

Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline Ring Loose Gemstone 3.05 Ct Cushion Cut for Jewelry

Located in Peshawar, PK

Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline Loose Gemstone for Ring, Necklace Pendant, Bracelet or any other Jewelry Setting-Cushion Cut from Afghanistan!!

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Afghan Contemporary Loose Gemstones

Materials

Tourmaline

2.70 Carat Natural Hot Pink Loose Tourmaline Oval Shape Gem For Wedding Ring
2.70 Carat Natural Hot Pink Loose Tourmaline Oval Shape Gem For Wedding Ring

2.70 Carat Natural Hot Pink Loose Tourmaline Oval Shape Gem For Wedding Ring

Located in Peshawar, PK

Loose Hot Pink Tourmaline Weight: 2.70 Carats Dimension: 10 x 7.8 x 5.5 Mm Colour: Hot Pink Origin: Afghanistan Certificate: On Demand Treatment: Non Shape: Oval Tourmaline is ...

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Afghan Arts and Crafts Loose Gemstones

Materials

Tourmaline

Recent Sales

Hot Pink Rubellite Tourmaline Skyscraper Ring
Hot Pink Rubellite Tourmaline Skyscraper Ring

Hot Pink Rubellite Tourmaline Skyscraper Ring

By Tayma Fine Jewellery

Located in Hong Kong, HK

Bright and hot pink old mine cushion cut Rubellite tourmaline of fine color and transparency.

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Hong Kong Cocktail Rings

Materials

Tourmaline, White Diamond, 18k Gold, White Gold

2.65 Carat Hot Pink Tourmaline Diamond White Gold Ring
2.65 Carat Hot Pink Tourmaline Diamond White Gold Ring

2.65 Carat Hot Pink Tourmaline Diamond White Gold Ring

By DGI

Located in Los Angeles, CA

This ring has an Oval Cut Pink Tourmaline that weighs 2.05 Carats. Floating around the Tourmaline are 54 Round Cut Diamonds weighing 0.60 Carats. The total carat weight of the ring ...

Category

2010s American Contemporary Cocktail Rings

Materials

Diamond, Tourmaline, 18k Gold, White Gold

55.00 Carat Handmade Gold Cushion-Cut Hot Pink Tourmaline Cocktail Ring
55.00 Carat Handmade Gold Cushion-Cut Hot Pink Tourmaline Cocktail Ring

55.00 Carat Handmade Gold Cushion-Cut Hot Pink Tourmaline Cocktail Ring

By Schullin Wien

Located in Vienna, Österreich

The opulent 55 carat Tourmaline set in this stunning piece was sourced in Mozambique and captivates with its vibrant rose-like color. Its cushion-cut shape perfectly emphasizes the n...

Category

2010s Contemporary Cocktail Rings

Materials

Tourmaline, 18k Gold

2.41 carat hot Bubble Gum Pink Tourmaline/ 1.00 carats diamonds 18k ring
2.41 carat hot Bubble Gum Pink Tourmaline/ 1.00 carats diamonds 18k ring

2.41 carat hot Bubble Gum Pink Tourmaline/ 1.00 carats diamonds 18k ring

Located in Birmingham, MI

The 18k yellow gold rings features a modified 2.41 carats cushion oval hot BUBBLE GUM pink tourmaline radiating atop special invisible-set princess cut diamonds having E color and VS...

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Fashion Rings

Materials

Diamond, Tourmaline, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold

Ico & the Bird Fine Jewelry 3.52 carat Hot Pink Tourmaline Gold Ring
Ico & the Bird Fine Jewelry 3.52 carat Hot Pink Tourmaline Gold Ring

Ico & the Bird Fine Jewelry 3.52 carat Hot Pink Tourmaline Gold Ring

By Ico & the Bird Fine Jewelry

Located in Los Angeles, CA

A stand-out 3.52 carat hot pink oval tourmaline is framed in a jali setting of 22k gold. The saturated, pink rose color of the stone peeks through the jali wave cut-outs along the si...

Category

2010s American Contemporary Cocktail Rings

Materials

Tourmaline, 22k Gold, Gold

18 Karat Gold 3.76 Carat Oval Pink Tourmaline Ring
18 Karat Gold 3.76 Carat Oval Pink Tourmaline Ring

18 Karat Gold 3.76 Carat Oval Pink Tourmaline Ring

By Deborah Murdoch

Located in Scotland, GB

18 Karat Yellow Gold Ring by Deborah Murdoch is from the Abundance Collection featuring an oval 3.76ct Natural African Hot Pink Tourmaline Stone.

Category

21st Century and Contemporary British Contemporary Cocktail Rings

Materials

Tourmaline, Gold, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold

4.10 Carat Pink Tourmaline Diamond 14 Karat Rose Gold Ring
4.10 Carat Pink Tourmaline Diamond 14 Karat Rose Gold Ring

4.10 Carat Pink Tourmaline Diamond 14 Karat Rose Gold Ring

By DGI

Located in Los Angeles, CA

Beautiful and Blazing - Hot Pink Tourmaline Diamond Ring! This exquisitely unique ring has a vintage look and has a striking emerald cut Pink Tourmaline weighing 3.36 Carats.

Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Contemporary Engagement Rings

Materials

Diamond, Tourmaline, 14k Gold, Rose Gold

2.62 Carat Pink Tourmaline Diamond 14 Karat Rose Gold Engagement Ring
2.62 Carat Pink Tourmaline Diamond 14 Karat Rose Gold Engagement Ring

2.62 Carat Pink Tourmaline Diamond 14 Karat Rose Gold Engagement Ring

By DGI

Located in Los Angeles, CA

Beautiful and Blazing - Hot Pink Tourmaline Diamond Ring! This ring has an Oval Cut Hot Pink Tourmaline that weighs 2.08 Carats.

Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Modern Engagement Rings

Materials

Diamond, Tourmaline, 14k Gold, Rose Gold

3.11 Carat Pink Tourmaline Diamond 14 Karat Rose Gold Engagement Ring
3.11 Carat Pink Tourmaline Diamond 14 Karat Rose Gold Engagement Ring

3.11 Carat Pink Tourmaline Diamond 14 Karat Rose Gold Engagement Ring

By DGI

Located in Los Angeles, CA

Hot Pink Tourmaline Diamond Ring This ring has an Oval Cut Hot Pink Tourmaline that weighs 2.77 Carats.

Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Contemporary Engagement Rings

Materials

Diamond, Tourmaline, 14k Gold, Rose Gold

14k Yellow Gold Diamond Engagement Ring with 1.78 Carat Round Pink Tourmaline
14k Yellow Gold Diamond Engagement Ring with 1.78 Carat Round Pink Tourmaline

14k Yellow Gold Diamond Engagement Ring with 1.78 Carat Round Pink Tourmaline

Located in Los Angeles, CA

Prong set with 1.78 carat center round hot pink tourmaline. The ring comes with certified appraisal.

Category

2010s American Modern Engagement Rings

Materials

Diamond, Tourmaline, 18k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold, 14k Gold

18k Rose and White Gold Diamond Cocktail Ring w 1.09 Ct Round Pink Tourmaline
18k Rose and White Gold Diamond Cocktail Ring w 1.09 Ct Round Pink Tourmaline

18k Rose and White Gold Diamond Cocktail Ring w 1.09 Ct Round Pink Tourmaline

Located in Los Angeles, CA

Bezel set with 1.09cts round cut hot pink tourmaline. The ring comes with certified appraisal.

Category

2010s American Modern Cocktail Rings

Materials

Diamond, Tourmaline, 18k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold

14k Rose and White Gold Diamond Cocktail Ring w 0.55 Carat Round Pink Tourmaline
14k Rose and White Gold Diamond Cocktail Ring w 0.55 Carat Round Pink Tourmaline

14k Rose and White Gold Diamond Cocktail Ring w 0.55 Carat Round Pink Tourmaline

Located in Los Angeles, CA

Bezel set with 0.55 carat center round brilliant cut hot pink tourmaline. The ring comes with certified appraisal.

Category

2010s American Modern Cocktail Rings

Materials

Diamond, Tourmaline, 18k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold

Stunning Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline 2.70 Carats Tourmaline Stone Ring Jewelry
Stunning Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline 2.70 Carats Tourmaline Stone Ring Jewelry

Stunning Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline 2.70 Carats Tourmaline Stone Ring Jewelry

Located in Bangkok, TH

Stunning Hot Pink Natural Tourmaline , Available For Sale At Wholesale Price Natural High Quality 2.70 Carats Eye Clean Clarity Natural Loose Tourmaline From Afghanistan. GEMSTONE T...

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Afghan Modern Engagement Rings

Materials

Tourmaline

Exquisite Hot Pink Tourmaline For Ring 2.10 Carats Fancy Asscher Cut Tourmaline
Exquisite Hot Pink Tourmaline For Ring 2.10 Carats Fancy Asscher Cut Tourmaline

Exquisite Hot Pink Tourmaline For Ring 2.10 Carats Fancy Asscher Cut Tourmaline

Located in Bangkok, TH

Exquisite Hot Pink Tourmaline For Ring, Available For Sale At Wholesale Price Natural High Quality 2.10 Carats Loupe Clean Clarity Natural Tourmaline From Afghanistan.

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Afghan Modern Three-Stone Rings

Materials

Tourmaline

G.I.A Certified 10.24 ct. Hot Pink Tourmaline & White Diamond Ring
G.I.A Certified 10.24 ct. Hot Pink Tourmaline & White Diamond Ring

G.I.A Certified 10.24 ct. Hot Pink Tourmaline & White Diamond Ring

Located in Aspen, CO

GIA certified natural fine large tourmaline and diamond ring. This fine vivid pink/raspberry cushion shaped stone is held by 8 prongs, it is very bright with few inclusions and only...

Category

21st Century and Contemporary American Contemporary Cocktail Rings

Materials

White Diamond, Tourmaline, 18k Gold

Natural Hot Pink Tourmaline From Afghanistan 2.80 Carats Tourmaline Ring
Natural Hot Pink Tourmaline From Afghanistan 2.80 Carats Tourmaline Ring

Natural Hot Pink Tourmaline From Afghanistan 2.80 Carats Tourmaline Ring

Located in Bangkok, TH

Natural Hot Pink Tourmaline From Afghanistan of 2.80 carats from Afghanistan has a wonderful cut in a Octagon shape, incredible Pink Color. Great brilliance. This gem is Loupe Clean ...

Category

21st Century and Contemporary Afghan Modern Loose Gemstones

Materials

Tourmaline

Faye Kim 18 Karat Gold Hot Pink Tourmaline Stack Ring
Faye Kim 18 Karat Gold Hot Pink Tourmaline Stack Ring

Faye Kim 18 Karat Gold Hot Pink Tourmaline Stack Ring

By Faye Kim

Located in Darien, CT

The perfect bright, and simple, hot pink tourmaline solitaire ring. Beautifully crafted, bezel set and matte-finished.

Category

2010s American Contemporary Solitaire Rings

Materials

Tourmaline, Gold, 18k Gold

Faye Kim 18 Karat Gold Hot Pink Tourmaline and Diamond Three-Stone Ring
Faye Kim 18 Karat Gold Hot Pink Tourmaline and Diamond Three-Stone Ring

Faye Kim 18 Karat Gold Hot Pink Tourmaline and Diamond Three-Stone Ring

By Faye Kim

Located in Darien, CT

Faye Kim's 18k gold ring in Hot Pink Tourmaline is set in a bezel with an open gallery to keep it light, fun, and carefree.

Category

Early 2000s American Contemporary Fashion Rings

Materials

Diamond, Tourmaline, Gold, 18k Gold

Hot Pink Tourmaline Diamond Gold Carved Leaf Ring
Hot Pink Tourmaline Diamond Gold Carved Leaf Ring

Hot Pink Tourmaline Diamond Gold Carved Leaf Ring

By Helen Ringus

Located in TRYON, NC

This beautiful and rare hot, hot pink tourmaline marquis weights 3.34 cts. and measures 15 mm long and 8 mm. wide. It is bezel set in 14 kt white gold with 9 bezel set diamonds wei...

Category

1990s American Artisan Dome Rings

Materials

Diamond, Tourmaline, 14k Gold, White Gold

Vintage Circa 1960s Hot Pink Oval Tourmaline Ring 18 Carat Yellow Gold
Vintage Circa 1960s Hot Pink Oval Tourmaline Ring 18 Carat Yellow Gold

Vintage Circa 1960s Hot Pink Oval Tourmaline Ring 18 Carat Yellow Gold

Located in Hamilton, AU

Crafted in 18 carat gold, our Charaya Ring is a rich beauty. With her hot pink tourmaline resting atop a basket of curved gold, she is both majestic and elegant.

Category

20th Century Unknown Modern Engagement Rings

Materials

Tourmaline, Gold, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold

GIA Certified 25.19 Carat Hot Pink Tourmaline Ring Set With Diamonds 14K Gold
GIA Certified 25.19 Carat Hot Pink Tourmaline Ring Set With Diamonds 14K Gold

GIA Certified 25.19 Carat Hot Pink Tourmaline Ring Set With Diamonds 14K Gold

Located in Las Vegas, NV

GIA Certified Pink Tourmaline = 25.19 Carat Diamonds = 0.80 Carats ( Color: F, Clarity: VS ) Metal: 14K Yellow Gold Ring Size: 9.5* US *It can be resized complimentary.

Category

Late 20th Century Cocktail Rings

Materials

Diamond, White Diamond, Tourmaline, Gold, 14k Gold, Yellow Gold

Modern Square Faceted Hot Pink Tourmaline 14 Karat Yellow Gold Ring
Modern Square Faceted Hot Pink Tourmaline 14 Karat Yellow Gold Ring

Modern Square Faceted Hot Pink Tourmaline 14 Karat Yellow Gold Ring

Located in St. Louis Park, MN

This ring is absolutely stunning. It features 9-3mm square, faceted hot pink Tourmaline bezel set stones, which run through the middle of the ring, from side to side.

Category

20th Century Fashion Rings

Materials

Tourmaline, 14k Gold, Yellow Gold

Ico & the Bird Fine Jewelry 8.32ct Rubellite Tourmaline Wave 22 Karat Gold Ring
Ico & the Bird Fine Jewelry 8.32ct Rubellite Tourmaline Wave 22 Karat Gold Ring

Ico & the Bird Fine Jewelry 8.32ct Rubellite Tourmaline Wave 22 Karat Gold Ring

By Ico & the Bird Fine Jewelry

Located in Los Angeles, CA

A bright hot pink 8.32 carat Rubellite Tourmaline Cocktail ring with a wavy bezel set in 22k matte yellow gold.

Category

2010s American Contemporary Cocktail Rings

Materials

Tourmaline, 22k Gold

Get Updated with New Arrivals
Save "Hot Pink Tourmaline Rings", and we’ll notify you when there are new listings in this category.

Hot Pink Tourmaline Rings For Sale on 1stDibs

Browse a vast assortment of hot pink tourmaline rings for sale on 1stDibs. These distinct designs — crafted with great care and often made from Gold, 18k Gold and White Gold — can elevate any look. Pieces in our collection of hot pink tourmaline rings made by Contemporary jewelers — as well as those associated with Modern — are very popular. There have been many well-made iterations of these items over the years, but those made by DGI, Faye Kim and Erin Mac Jewelry are often thought to be among the most beautiful. Browse our collection of 9 Tourmaline versions today to add the perfect touch to your look. A selection of oval cut, baguette cut and brilliant cut can be found today on these pages. There aren’t many items for men in our collection of hot pink tourmaline rings, as most of the options available are for women.

How Much are Hot Pink Tourmaline Rings?

On average, hot pink tourmaline rings at 1stDibs sell for $5,325, while they’re typically $1,425 on the low end and $79,432 for the highest priced versions of this item.

The Legacy of Tourmaline in Jewelry Design

Very few gems dazzle quite in the manner that tourmaline does — vintage and antique tourmaline jewelry is a showstopper, and you can blame this on its wide range of spectacular colors. In fact, when Dutch traders brought stones back home from Sri Lanka that they couldn't identify, they called them "toramalli," a Sinhalese term for "mixed gems."

If you could transform the ocean to a gem, this is what it would look like: a clear, translucent azure, bordering on turquoise, hypnotizing in its depth and sparkling in the sun.

There is, in fact, such a stone, although it comes from deep in the copper-rich mountains of Paraíba, Brazil, and not from the oceans along its coast. Far rarer than diamonds, Paraíba tourmaline, a kind of tourmaline discovered only in the 1980s, is treasured as much for its extraordinary color as its scarcity, both of which contribute to its high value.

While diamonds generally sell for about $6,000 per carat, a carat of Paraíba tourmaline is likely to fetch about $16,000. Fans of the gem are said to include singer Taylor Swift and actress Zooey Deschanel, as well as some of the finest jewelers.

“No other stone can have a color as magnetic and captivating as Paraíba tourmaline,” says Vania Leles of VanLeles Diamonds, who combines the stone with diamonds and other gems in several of her designs.

You don't have to stop at Paraíba tourmaline jewelry — on 1stDibs, find the most extraordinary antique and vintage tourmaline rings, tourmaline and diamond earrings and other accessories.

Finding the Right Rings for You

Antique and vintage rings have long held a special place in the hearts of fine jewelry lovers all over the world.

No matter their origin or specific characteristics, rings are timeless, versatile accessories. They’ve carried deep meaning since at least the Middle Ages, when diamond rings symbolized strength and other kinds of rings were worn to signify romantic feelings or to denote an affiliation with a religious order. Rings have also forever been emblematic of eternity.

Over time, rings have frequently taken the form of serpents, which have long been associated with eternal life, health and renewal. Italian luxury jewelry house Bulgari has become famous for its widely loved Serpenti motif, for example, and its Serpenti ring, like the other accessories in the collection, began as an homage to jewelry of the Roman and Hellenistic eras. The serpent is now a popular motif in fine jewelry. Jewelry devotees have long pined for rings adorned with reptiles, thanks to antique Victorian rings — well, specifically, Queen Victoria’s illustrious engagement ring, which took the form of a gold snake set with rubies, diamonds and an emerald (her birthstone). Designs for Victorian-era engagement rings often featured repoussé work and chasing, in which patterns are hammered into the metal.

Engagement rings, which are reliably intimidating to shop for, are still widely recognized as symbols of love and commitment. On 1stDibs, a range of buying guides can be found for those in the market for antique engagement ringsvintage engagement rings or Art Deco engagement rings

The most collectible antique engagement rings and vintage engagement rings are those from the Victorian, Edwardian and Art Deco eras. Named for the monarchies of the four King Georges, who in succession ruled England starting in 1714 (plus King William’s reign), antique Georgian rings, be they engagement rings or otherwise, are also coveted by collectors. Pearls, along with colored gemstones like garnets, rubies and sapphires, were widely used in Georgian jewelry. The late-1700s paste jewelry was a predecessor to what we now call fashion or costume jewelry

The Art Nouveau movement (1880–1910) brought with it rings inspired by the natural world. Antique Art Nouveau rings might feature depictions of winged insects and fauna as well as women, who were simultaneously eroticized and romanticized, frequently with long flowing hair. Art Deco jewelry, on the other hand, which originated during the 1920s and ’30s, is by and large “white jewelry.” White metals, primarily platinum, were favored over yellow gold in the design of antique Art Deco rings and other accessories as well as geometric motifs, with women drawn to the era’s dazzling cocktail rings in particular.

Whether you’re hunting down a chunky classic for a Prohibition-themed cocktail party or seeking a clean contemporary design to complement your casual ensemble, find an exquisite collection of antique, new and vintage rings on 1stDibs.