Provenance
Private collection, France.
Documents
- Attached is thermoluminescence test.
The lady wears a long chiton, over the hem of which her toes peek out. Over the chiton, she wears a mantle or himation, which envelops her torso and arms and hangs below her knees. Her arms are bent forward, visible through the folds of the mantle. She is depicted with her body turned to the side, her head and gaze facing forward. Her hair is styled in loose strands towards the back of her head and gathered there into a bun.
At the end of the 4th century BC, a style of clay modeling known as the "Tanagra style" developed, named after the city of Tanagra, a center of terracotta production. This term refers to a female figure, usually standing, wearing a chiton with many folds and a long drape, over which a fine, wide mantle is draped. These women also often wear shoes, fans, and wide, pointed hats. They rarely carry other attributes and instead have their arms and hands wrapped in the mantle, which may also cover the head and even almost completely conceal the face.
In these figures, the classical composition of the body, in which a distinction was made between the supporting and free legs, disappears, and they are designed to be viewed from the front. One leg is positioned slightly to one side, either behind or in front. The body thus acquires a swaying motion, which is further visually accentuated by the tilt or elevation of the head, or by a turn to the left or right. The arms no longer hang rigidly at the sides of the body, as in the Archaic or Classical periods, but rest on the abdomen, chest, or back, or are supported at the hip.
The women's faces are marked by melancholy or introverted meditation, and a smile is rarely seen. The most common hairstyle for these terracotta figures is the updo with a center part and a bun at the back, called the "melon hairstyle."
Alongside the standing woman as the main motif of Tanagra coroplastic art, seated or crouching women, standing or seated children or youths, and entire groups of people are other frequently represented subjects. Often, there are figures carrying masks or musical instruments, grotesque characters, or actors. With the exception of Aphrodite and Eros, gods are rather infrequent.
While the Tanagra productions gained fame, this style spread throughout the Greek world, appearing in sites such as Corinth, Alexandria, Cyprus, Sicily, and in Middle and Upper Italy. The Tanagra workshops ceased production around 200 BC, while others continued working in this style until the 1st century AD.